Guides/Beginner's Glossary
[ HARDWARE GUIDE · BASICS ]

PC Hardware Glossary for Beginners: what each part does

What each part of a PC is, explained in plain words: CPU, GPU, RAM, motherboard and the rest, without jargon. If this is your first PC, start here.

Reading: 3 minUpdated: October 1, 2026
REVIEWED01 · 10 · 2026
Guide · BASICS

Data and measurements from our catalog, checked against each manufacturer's spec sheet.

In 30 seconds
  • CPU: the brain that runs the game's logic and physics.
  • GPU: the muscle that draws the graphics on screen.
  • RAM: the ultra-fast workbench where the game loads what it's using right now.
  • Motherboard: the backbone that connects all the parts.
  • Power supply (PSU): the heart that delivers stable power to every part.

1Processor (CPU)

It's the main processor. It calculates bullet trajectories and the AI of non-player characters, and syncs the commands you give with your keyboard and mouse. For gaming, per-core speed and cache size (like AMD's 3D V-Cache) matter much more than having a huge number of cores. More in the CPU guide.

2Graphics card (GPU)

It's the part that affects frames per second (FPS) the most. It has thousands of small cores that calculate geometry, shadows, reflections and lighting in real time, and its own memory, called VRAM. More in the graphics card guide.

3RAM

It's high-speed temporary memory. When you open a game, maps and textures move from the drive into RAM so the CPU and graphics card can reach them in nanoseconds. In 2026, 32 GB in dual channel (2 × 16 GB) is the recommended amount for gaming. More in the RAM guide.

4Motherboard

It's the main circuit board: the CPU, memory, graphics card and SSDs plug into it. It decides which CPUs you can install (based on its socket), which memory it uses and how many USB ports and M.2 slots you'll have. More in the compatibility guide.

5Power supply (PSU)

It turns wall power into the stable direct current every part uses. You choose it by wattage, efficiency (80 Plus) and quality, and it's the one part not to cheap out on. More in the power supply guide.

6Storage (SSD)

It stores the system, your games and your files even when the PC is off. NVMe M.2 SSDs plug straight into the motherboard and are several times faster than SATA ones. More in the storage guide.

7Case and cooling

The case holds every part and guides the airflow; the CPU cooler or liquid cooler pulls heat away from the processor, and the fans move air through the case. More in the case and cooling guide.

Keep learning with more guides